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VOLUME 6 EDITION 2, AUGUST 2006 Colour poster

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Professor C R Stones, Editor-in-Chief,
Rhodes University, South Africa
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The Essentials of Existential Psychoanalysis
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Dr Neil Soggie
Assistant Professor of Psychology, Atlantic Baptist College, Canada
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Steve Schofield
PhD Student, Department of Philosophy, Murdoch University, Australia

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Kerstin Erlandsson
PhD student, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden

Dr Kyllike Christensson
Professor, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden

Dr Ingegerd Fagerberg
Associate Professor, Mälardalen University, Västerås and Eskilstuna, Sweden

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Dr Maurice Apprey
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Virginia, USA

Dr Endel Talvik
Psychologist, Estonia

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Language: Functionalism versus Authenticity
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Peter McGuire
PhD Student, Australia

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Dr Juha Himanka
Adjunct Professor (Theoretical Philosophy), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Book Review: Quantum Closures and Disclosures
Gordon G. Globus (2003). Quantum Closures and Disclosures: Thinking-Together Postphenomenology and Quantum Brain Dynamics (Volume 50 in the series Advances in Consciousness Research). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Dr Tere Vaden
Professor of Philosphy, University of Tampere, Finland

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Book Review: Companion Guides to Contemporary Shamanism
Hillary S. Webb (2003). Exploring Shamanism: Using Ancient Rites to Discover the Unlimited Healing Powers of Cosmos and Consciousness. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books

Hillary S. Webb (2004). Travelling between the Worlds: Conversations with Contemporary Shamans. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing Company, Inc.



Penny Bernard
Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, South Africa

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Abstracts for Articles in this issue:

The Essentials of Existential Psychoanalysis
The purpose of this inquiry was to provide a guide for discussing the essential requirements for existential therapy, in particular within the initial phase. From the responses of a sample of professional therapists, three essential themes have been identified: convenience (that is, having a script that will allow the therapist to reach a rapid understanding of the nature of the client’s existential being), mythic familiarity, and an emphasis upon imaginal techniques.

On the Phenomenon of Inserted Thoughts: A Critique of Shaun Gallagher’s Neurophenomenological Account of Thought Insertion
This paper explores the phenomenon of thought insertion, an experience reported by some schizophrenics where it is believed that other persons or forces are inserting thoughts into their minds. This relatively circumscribed symptom of schizophrenia raises difficult questions concerning our sense of agency for our thoughts. How is it possible that persons can think that their thoughts are not their own? Gallagher, drawing on Husserl’s early work on time-consciousness, provides a subtle and sophisticated answer to this problem, suggesting that protention may underlie our sense of agency for thinking and that the experience of inserted thoughts may occur in the event of an intermittent failure in this protentional function. More recent Husserl scholarship suggests, however, that this account may face problems on phenomenological grounds. It is argued here that our sense of agency for thinking requires more than protention, and, consequently, that the absence of protention cannot fully explain the loss of agency for thinking characterizing the experience of thought insertion. In order to contextualize this discussion of the phenomenon theoretically and, in the process, to provide an introduction to the difficulties in explaining it, this paper proceeds with a consideration of Frith’s early cognitive account of thought insertion and the contribution of Stephens and Graham in this regard. In conclusion, it is argued that, despite the merits of all three accounts presented, they remain unable to account for the phenomenon of inserted thoughts, and that we might more fruitfully understand this experience as being a type of uncontrollable passive or autochthonous thinking.

Fatherhood as Taking the Child to Oneself: A Phenomenological Observation Study after Caesarean Birth
This paper describes the meaning of a father’s presence with a full-term healthy child delivered by caesarean section, as observed during the routine post-operative separation of mother and child. Videotaped observations recorded at a maternity clinic located in the metropolitan area of Stockholm, Sweden formed the basis for the study, in which fifteen fathers with their infants participated within two hours of elective caesarean delivery in the 37th - 40th week of pregnancy.

A phenomenological analysis based on Giorgi’s method was conducted on the data. The description of the new father’s experiences that emerged pointed to a process of being and becoming in taking the child to himself. Fatherhood developed gradually as a result of recurrent experiences of the child’s expressions. There was an ebb and flow between taking on the role of being a father and physical withdrawal from the role.

The findings of this study not only confirm previous accounts of new fathers’ experiences, but go further in revealing an ebb and flow variation in the fathers’ involvement. What this indicates is that the process of transition to fatherhood requires not only presence but time. The period required for this process thus must not be disturbed, but supported, trusting in the father’s ability to assume his role as a father. It is suggested that, in addition to their relevance in guiding the attitudes and expectations of those professionally involved in postnatal care and community health, these findings could be useful in antenatal courses for parents, and especially in instances when caesarean birth is planned, to highlight the meaning of the role of fathers as caregivers.

On the Sense of Ownership of a Community Integration Project: Phenomenology as Praxis in the Transfer of Project Ownership from Third-Party Facilitators to a Community after Conflict Resolution
There are non-governmental organizations that operate transnationally and there are those that operate within the boundaries of a nation. A third use of non-governmental organizations is articulated. We may call this third category an instrumental use of non-governmental organizations to facilitate the transfer of the work of third-party conflict resolution practitioners to the two previously feuding parties. Representative accounts are provided in Part I of this paper.

In Part II, the instrumental use of the NGO to transfer knowledge from practitioners to the indigenous and previously feuding parties is depicted as a means to fill a practice gap in the field of conflict resolution, where many praxes do not examine the transfer of knowledge in an experiential and discovery-oriented way. An alternative is presented where the process of appropriation is suggested as an object of study.

In Part III, a conceptualization of how one may determine the phenomenology of a sense of ownership of the project by the previously feuding parties is provided. A phenomenological account of the journey from constituting subjectivity to a constituted objectivity is articulated to the point where we see a division of labour between Husserl’s transcendental project, that seeks universal and broader essences, and psychology, which is highly contextualized.

Part IV constitutes the implementation of the praxis to answer the specific question, “What is the sense of ownership of the parties in conflict?”  -  and, derivatively, “What is the fate of the hitherto agonistic relation?” A conflict resolution model is consolidated or reconfigured using the lessons drawn from the results of the study and from a second look at the literature to see where changes in practice and reconceptualization may be required.

Language: Functionalism versus Authenticity
This paper sets out to demonstrate that a phenomenological reflection on language highlights the possibilities of authenticity in communication, and as such provides a very necessary complement to the dominant linguistic perspectives: the syntactic and grammatical perspective, Saussurean linguistics, and systemic functional linguistics. While the syntactic and grammatical perspective, which predominates in the educational context, presents language as an institutionalized, authoritarian and self-contained system, Saussurean linguistics provides a view of language as a complex, self-contained, technical system, as such reflecting the nature of modern society. The third perspective, systemic functional linguistics, describes templates of specific genre, models which aid students to construct their own, while simultaneously discouraging individual self-expression. In contrast, a reflective phenomenological perspective identifies and encourages authentic self-expression. The paper concludes by considering ways to reconcile the impetus in language teaching towards, on the one hand, the language of institutional authority, and, on the other, individual self-expression.

How Does a Dark Room Appear: Husserl’s Illumination of the Breakthrough of Logical Investigations
Evidence is the very core of Husserlian phenomenology, with the term “evidence” signifying for Husserl the phenomenological perspective on the question of truth. In contrast to the conventional philosophical understanding of “truth” in mainly epistemological terms, Husserl’s notion of “evidence”, as elaborated in his Logical Investigations (1900–1), is more essentially ontological, pointing to the way in which a phenomenon becomes clear to us in its constitution. Husserl’s main point in the Sixth Investigation was that we can “see” how evidence functions when we compare something in the fullness of its presence with the emptiness of its absence. This paper considers the example Husserl offers of the room where the lights go off in order to illuminate the breakthrough for phenomenology achieved by Logical Investigations in its move beyond logic and epistemology to the primary level of pretheoretical experience as the reality of the real.

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VOLUME 6 SPECIAL EDITION: Methodology, AUGUST 2006
Colour poster

Les Todres, Guest Editor
Professor of Qualitative Research and Psychotherapy, Bournemouth University, England
Brent Dean Robbins
Assistant Professor of Psychology, Daemen College, Buffalo, New York, USA

Scott D. Churchill
Professor of Psychology, Graduate Psychology Programme Director, University of Dallas, USA

Linda Finlay
Freelance Academic Consultant, United Kingdom

Facts, Values and the Psychology of the Human Person
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Amedeo Giorgi
Professor of Psychology, Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco, California, USA

Karin Dahlberg
Professor of Caring Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Växjö University, Sweden

Ernesto Spinelli
Senior Fellow, School of Psychotherapy and Counselling, Regent's College, London, United Kingdom

Using Photography as a Means of Phenomenological Seeing:
"Doing Phenomenology" with Immigrant Children

Click here to view an abstract of this article

Anna Kirova & Michael Emme

Anna Kirova
Associate Professor of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Canada

Michael J. Emme
Associate Professor of Art Education, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Canada

Thinking at the Edge:
Where Theory and Practice Meet to Create Fresh Understandings

Click here to view an abstract of this article

Kevin Krycka
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Seattle University, USA

Abstracts for Articles in this issue:
 

The Delicate Empiricism of Goethe:
Phenomenology as a Rigorous Science of Nature

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's approach to natural scientific research has unmistakable parallels to phenomenology. These parallels are clear enough to allow one to say confidently that Goethe's delicate empiricism is indeed a phenomenology of nature. This paper examines how Goethe's criticisms of Newton anticipated Husserl's announcement of the crisis of the modern sciences, and it describes how Goethe, at a critical juncture in cultural history, addressed this emerging crisis through a thorough-going scientific method that is virtually identical to the method of contemporary empirical-phenomenological research in the human sciences. Goethe's practice of science shares with phenomenology a participatory, morally-responsive, and holistic approach to the description of dynamic life-world phenomena. Delicate empiricism has its own version of the phenomenological epoché, and, like Husserl's technique of imaginative variation, it strives to disclose the essential or archetypal structure of the phenomenon through the endowment of human imagination. However, a close reading of Goethe suggests that the tendency amongst some scholars to distinguish phenomenology as human science from the natural sciences is actually a costly error which unwittingly falls prey to implicit Cartesian assumptions. Goethe, however, manages to avoid these problems by performing from the first a phenomenology of nature's sensibility.

Encountering the Animal Other:
Reflections on Moments of Empathic Seeing

The ultimate challenge for psychology as a human science inheres in accessing the experience of the other. In general, the field of psychology has perpetuated the epistemological dualism of distinguishing between the realm accessible by external perception and the realm accessible by inner perception, and hence between the subjective (or "first person" perspective) and the objective (or "third person" perspective), regarding the "first person" perspective as a legitimate means of access only to one's own private experience, while insisting that all others' experience must be observed from a neutral "third person" perspective. By reflecting on his participant-observational encounters with the animal other of the Bonobo, the author attempts to demonstrate in this paper the possibility of a third approach between the antinomy of methodological subjectivism and methodological objectivism as a way out of the dilemmas posed by epistemological dualism. The alternative proposed is the "second person" framework of observation, which, by invoking empathic seeing as its means of accessing the private space of the other and creating the space of the "in between", allows for intersubjective engagement in an experiential gestalt consisting of "myself and the other", and offers the possibility of testing one's 'own' experience of an intersubjective moment in dialogue with the other. In so far as it infers the focusing of consciousness on embodied experience and expression, and the synthesis of receptive and proprioceptive consciousness in "experiaction" (Von Eckartsberg, 1971), the "second person" perspective restores inner reality to the realm of the observable, and thus reclaims observation as the method of psychology, and behaviour as its subject matter. The notion of empathy and intuition as a reliable and valid mode of access to the psychological life of others is substantiated theoretically with reference to inter alia Husserl's concepts of "coupling" and "co-constitution", Merleau-Ponty's notions of "intercorporeality" or "carnal intersubjectivity" and of "the intertwining and the chiasm" of the "Ineinander" as constitutive of the "flesh of the world", Laing's postulation of the possibility of "interexperience", and the sense of union with the object of perception implied by Scheler's term "Einsfuhlung" as the essence of intersubjective encounter. 

Dancing Between Embodied Empathy and Phenomenological Reflection
In phenomenological research, layered understandings emerge from a complex process of experiencing and reflection, engaged in by both researcher and participant. Researcher and participant engage in a dance, moving in and out of experiencing and reflection while simultaneously moving through a shared intersubjective space that is the research encounter. If researchers are to empathise - imaginatively project themselves into participants' experience - they need to be open to this intersubjective space. First, I describe and reflect upon two particular moments of empathy which have arisen in two different phenomenological research interviews. I then attempt to make sense of these encounters with reference to phenomenological theory and philosophy related to empathy and intersubjectivity. A final section discusses some dilemmas we face as researchers when we apply empathy in our phenomenological research practice and considers the epistemological status of our empathic findings.

Facts, Values and the Psychology of the Human Person
The notion of value neutrality has been a contentious issue within the human and social sciences for some time. In this paper, some of the philosophical and scientific bases for the confusion surrounding the fact-value dichotomy are covered and the discrepancy between how psychology studies values and expresses them is noted. The sense of value neutrality is clarified historically and the clarified meaning of the term applied to some qualitative data demonstrating in what sense values may be expressed in psychology. The position is upheld that psychology as a human science intentionally should not be absolutely value free in the sense that human reality has to be studied in a non-reductionistic manner and thus methods of study must be respectful of the full ethical sense of humanness. This is simply meeting the phenomenological requirement of "fidelity to the phenomenon". However, psychology can be value free in the historical sense of the term properly understood because it refers to the fact that the personal values of the scientists ought not to be conflated with scientific findings. The discussion of values takes place primarily within the context of science, where the problem of value neutrality emerged, but it is acknowledged that non-scientific approaches to value have merit and can also be compelling.

'The Individual in the World - The World in the Individual':
Towards a Human Science Phenomenology that Includes the Social World

Human science researchers tend to be targeted for critique on the grounds that their approach is too individualistic to take due cognisance of societal and political influences. What is accordingly advocated is that the phenomenological and so-called romantic theories should be abandoned in favour of analytic or continental theories that have as their main focus the system, the group, the society, and the various influences of the social world on the existential reality of the individual.

Without trying to invalidate these social science strategies, this paper attempts to show that it is not necessary to surrender phenomenology in order to understand not only the individual, but also the social world in which individuals live. It is argued that the desired goal of a less individualistic human science's theoretical basis can still be founded in phenomenology, in that Merleau-Ponty's philosophy, which has its origin in Husserlian phenomenology, provides us with an adequate ontology for understanding human existence more comprehensively. Merleau-Ponty's ontological philosophy elucidates the in-between world, that structure of existence where the individual cannot be separated from her/his world context. In his exploration of the reversibility of existence, Merleau-Ponty demonstrates that there is no ontological gulf between the individual and the social world. Instead, the world is 'in' the individual as much as the individual is 'in' the world. With this phenomenological epistemology, it is argued, it is possible to generate research that is capable "of more than a frozen existence", as Merleau-Ponty puts it.

The Value of Relatedness in Existential Psychotherapy and Phenomenological Enquiry
Existential psychotherapy places pivotal significance upon the inter-relational aspects of human experience. By so doing, the therapeutic relationship itself becomes the principal means through which the client's presenting symptoms and disorders are disclosed as direct expressions and outcomes of the client's overall "way of being" rather than as isolated and disruptive impediments. At the same time, existential therapy emphasises the actual relationship that emerges between psychotherapist and client and argues that it is via the contrast and comparison of this lived experience with that of their 'wider world' experience that clients can find the means to reconsider and reconstruct their "ways of being". This paper seeks to demonstrate that, as well as their shared aims and methods of enquiry, it is the mutual emphasis upon inter-relatedness as a foundational value for human enquiry that reveals substantive and intriguing points of connection between existential psychotherapy and phenomenological enquiry. The paper furthermore argues that existential psychotherapy might best be viewed as a clearly formulated expression of phenomenological enquiry.

Using Photography as a Means of Phenomenological Seeing:
"Doing Phenomenology" with Immigrant Children

The aim of the study presented in this paper was to understand the lifeworlds of children who experience immigration and whose lives are marked by dramatic changes in their being-in-the-world. More specifically, the study proceeded from the question: What does it mean for an immigrant child to enter school in a new country? Two methodological questions were also explored, namely (1) How does one conduct a phenomenological investigation of a childhood phenomenon when the researchers and the participants do not share a common language? and (2) How does one engage children in the research process so that they provide not only "thick" descriptions of their experiences using alternative, non-linguistic means, but also make meaning of these experiences? In the current study, still photography was used to help the immigrant children recall and make meaning of what they experienced on their first day of school in a new country. In the process, they were enabled to become conscious photographers who came to see the world in such a way that photographic seeing became phenomenological seeing. Two examples of the children's visual narratives in the form of fotonovelas are presented to illustrate a methodology that involves fusion of the horizons surrounding the children, captured images of situations they encountered as they entered the classroom, and how the viewer saw the created image. The expanded notion of text and the use of digital technology in developing the text opened a space not only for visual representation of the children's lived experiences, but also for phenomenological analysis of these experiences. It is suggested that, although the written and visual texts produced as a result of the study differ, they are similar in the way in which they allow for phenomenological reflection and in their ability to show the phenomenon so as to evoke the reader's "phenomenological nod".

Thinking at the Edge:
Where Theory and Practice Meet to Create Fresh Understandings

This paper focuses on the use of concretely felt experience in phenomenological methodology and theory construction. Using the example of a stepwise process of theory making called Thinking at the Edge (Gendlin, 2004), the author shows how experience functions in the creation of a new theory on the self-as-becoming. In the process, he attempts to demonstrate how the ongoing work relating to creating a new theory of self is germane to phenomenology.

The paper draws on the major philosophical work of Eugene Gendlin (1962 & 2004) in his development of "The Philosophy of the Implicit" (POI), and the two distinct practices, Focusing (1982) and Thinking at the Edge (2004), which grew out of it. This philosophy forms the theoretical basis upon which the assertion is made that experience that is directly referred to can be utilized as the core of a method in the explication of theory. Two challenges facing phenomenological researchers and theorists who desire to utilize felt experience in their work are addressed, namely (1) the fact that the intimately felt aspect underlying the creation of new ideas is basically hidden from the view of others and is thus not verifiable in the usual way, and (2) the lack of a larger public language for articulating the process and progress that follows concretely from felt experience. It is argued that Thinking at the Edge provides scientists or specialists in any field, including phenomenologists, with a means whereby they can explicitly use felt experience in their work. It also opens the way for fresh theoretical language, of a kind characterized by reflexivity of felt experience, within the broader public language of the various fields, in the process specifically demonstrating how theory instances and exceeds itself.


 


VOLUME 6 EDITION 1, MAY 2006
Colour poster

Professor C R Stones, Editor-in-Chief
Rhodes University, South Africa
Theodore Petrus
Doctoral Student, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa

The "Holy Grail" Experience or Heightened Awareness?
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Kathryn Gow
Senior Lecturer, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Experiencing the Meaning of Breathing
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Professor Stephen Edwards
Head, Department of Psychology,
University of Zululand, South Africa

Tracy Watson
Doctoral Student, Tara Hospital, South Africa

Deon de Bruin
Professor, Industrial Psychology,
University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Imaging the Visceral Soma:
A Corporeal Feminist Interpretation

Click here to view an abstract of this article

Dr Ingrid Richardson
Multimedia and Cultural Studies, Murdoch University, Australia

Carly Harper
PhD Candidate,
University of New South Wales, Australia

Associate Professor Stephen Smith
Faculty of Education,
Simon Fraser University, Canada

Notes Towards a Phenomenological
Reading of Lacan

Click here to view an abstract of this article

Ryan Kemp
Clinical Psychologist, Camden & Islington Mental Health and Social Care NHS Trust, United Kingdom

Adolescents, their Parents, and Information
and Communication Technologies:
Exploring Adolescents' Perceptions on
How these Technologies Present in
Parent-Adolescent Relationships

Click here to view an abstract of this article

Willem Odendaal
Research Psychologist, Consultant, Medical Research Council, South Africa

Professor Charles Malcolm
Head, Department of Psychology,
University of the Western Cape, South Africa

Shazly Savahl
Department of Psychology,
University of the Western Cape, South Africa

Rose September
Head, Child and Youth Research Programme, University of the Western Cape, South Africa

Abstracts for Articles in this issue:

Engaging the World of the Supernatural:
Anthropology, Phenomenology and the Limitations of Scientific Rationalism

Scientific rationalism has long been considered one of the pillars of true science. It has been one of the criteria academics have used in their efforts to categorise disciplines as scientific. Perhaps scientific rationalism acquired this privileged status because it worked relatively well within the context of the natural sciences, where it seemed to be easy to apply this kind of rationalism to the solution of natural scientific problems. However, with the split in the scientific world between the natural sciences and the social sciences, the role of scientific rationalism, especially in the social sciences, becomes less clear-cut, with the ambiguous status of positivism in the social sciences making scientific rationalism more of a shaky foundation than a pillar of social science. The weaknesses inherent in scientific rationalism are most exposed within the context of anthropology, and particularly in the anthropological study of the supernatural, or supernatural beliefs. This paper will attempt to point out some of the weaknesses of scientific rationalism specifically within the context of the anthropology of the supernatural and religion. By doing so, it is hoped to show, with reference to some phenomenological ideas, that, while scientific rationalism does have its merits within anthropology, a rigid application of rationalism could become a limitation for anthropological studies of those aspects of human life that challenge Western scientific rationalism. The debate around the position of anthropology as a science or non-science is related to the issue of the role of scientific rationalism. This debate is indeed part of the history of anthropology and is as yet unresolved. As such, the ideas of several earlier scholars will be referred to in an attempt to contextualise the arguments presented in this paper.

The "Holy Grail" Experience or Heightened Awareness?
Can moments of spiritual atonement (the Holy Grail Experience) be explained away as heightened awareness and other more mundane worldly phenomena? The author posits that part of the puzzle can be accounted for by the following factors: hypnotic phenomena such as time distortion, time orientation, fantasy proneness, absorption and a movement from dissociation to association. Knowledge about sensory modalities, internal dialogues and peripheral sensing, and about meditation and awareness, may also help to verbalise this magical moment of "grace". Writings on conversion experiences and mysticism may also assist us in investigating this phenomenon, when time stands still, and when for brief moments in life we become absorbed in the wonderment of life at its zenith - a taste of eternity. Contextual elements of prior social isolation and sensory deprivation are investigated as possible contributions to this unique phenomenon. In this conceptual article, the author explores the Holy Grail experience from both spiritual and secular viewpoints.

Experiencing the Meaning of Breathing
This research was motivated by the author's personal experiences with various breathing methods as well as meaningful breathing experiences reported by clients, colleagues and friends. The meaning of breathing is discussed in relation to consciousness, bodiliness, spirituality, illness prevention and health promotion. Experiencing the meaning of breathing is to experience more meaning in life itself. Experiential vignettes confirm that breathing skills may be regarded as an original method of survival, energy control, improving quality of life, preventing illness and promoting health.

Getting Under the Skin: The Inscription of Dermatological Disease on the Self-Concept
Psychological factors have long been associated with the onset, maintenance and exacerbation of many cutaneous disorders (Newell, 2000, p. 8; Papadopoulos, Bor & Legg, 1999, p. 107). Chronic cutaneous disease is often visible to others so that social factors in coping and adjustment are thus highly relevant (Papadopoulos, et al., 1999, p. 107). Psychological factors tend, however, to be overlooked in the dermatological treatment domain when the skin problem is not regarded as life threatening (MacGregor, 1990 as cited in Papadopoulos, et al., 1999, p. 113). In 2004, at a meeting of the Editorial Board of Dermatology Nursing , the need for studies presenting the patient's perspective on living with a skin disease was discussed. It was thought that qualitative exploration of the patient's experience of cutaneous disease would provide medical and mental health care professionals with valuable insights and important information to help improve dermatology patient care (Hill, 2004, p. 399). More specifically, Papadopoulos et al. (1999, p. 122) posit that qualitative exploration of dermatological patients' lived experience might help provide insight into the efficacy of coping strategies, the need for psychological counsel, and also the need for a more holistic understanding of this patient population rather than maintaining a dichotomous focus on either the mind or the body.

Research in the field is currently characterised by (a) a predominance of quantitative studies, the design of which results in inevitable loss of in-depth information regarding the experiential world of sufferers of cutaneous disease (Hill, 2004, p. 399; Papadopoulos, et al., 1999, p. 122), and (b) a dearth of studies investigating the impact of disfiguring skin conditions on the self-concept. In order to address this lack, and simultaneously to contribute towards mapping the psycho-dermatological terrain in need of qualitative exploration, this paper attempts to integrate the findings of relevant studies in the fields of both dermatology and psychology, with specific focus on women suffering from psoriasis, a common chronic disorder of the skin, and the impact of this on the various dimensions of self. The primary aim of this paper is, however, to prompt qualitative - and, in particular, phenomenological - research in the area of body disfigurement and self-concept in order to elucidate the lived experiences of people afflicted with disfiguring dermatological conditions, and as such to promote necessary change in the therapeutic domain .

Imaging the Visceral Soma: A Corporeal Feminist Interpretation
Feminist philosophers of technoscience have long argued that it is vital that we question biomedical and scientific claims to an immaterial and disembodied objectivity, and also, more specifically, that we disable the conception of medical visualising technologies as neutral or transparent conduits to the "fact" of the body. In this paper we suggest that corporeal feminism is well situated to provide such a critique. Feminist phenomenologists over the past decade have theorised embodiment in a number of critical ways, many deriving concepts from the work of Merleau-Ponty, and emphasising the pliability and diversity of our body images and corporeal schematics. Others such as Elizabeth Wilson, Cathy Waldby and Drew Leder have considered the interdependence of our inner biology or viscerality with the socio-cultural inscriptions of embodiment. In this paper, these adaptations of phenomenology, and their account of the specificity and depth of embodied being, will be discussed and applied to the discourse of biomedicine and the apparatus of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Gesture, Landscape and Embrace: A Phenomenological Analysis of Elemental Motions
Maurice Merleau-Ponty's 'flesh of the world' speaks to an embodied connection to the spaces we inhabit deeply, primally, elementally. Flesh suggests water and its circulations, air and its respirations, earth and its conformations, fire and its inspirations. Flesh speaks to our bodily relations with the elements of a more-than-human world. This paper explores the felt imperative to these relations where, as Merleau-Ponty put it, 'all distance is traversed' and wherein movement arises not specifically in the body, but in the nexus and intertwining of bodily engagement with the world. There is a primacy to movement that registers in the living body in its carnal ties to the elements of the world's flesh. The 'radical reflection' on the 'flesh of the world' to which this analysis aspires in turn bears upon the general field of gestural reciprocities and connections, providing the insight that intimate gestures of the flesh, such as the embrace, are primordial attunements, motions of rhythm and reciprocity, that emanate from the world in identification with it. The embrace is fundamentally, elementally, a gesture of landscape dwelling. A phenomenology of elemental motions provides the textual reminder that to be at home in various landscapes means to know what it is to be embraced corporeally, sensually, within the human and especially the more-than-human folds of the world.

Notes Toward a Phenomenological Reading of Lacan
Phenomenological psychotherapy, while critiquing psychoanalytic theories, has always sought to draw on and be inspired by these (and other) approaches. To read psychoanalysis through the lens of existential-phenomenology opens, deepens and perhaps even rehabilitates this body of work. In this paper, the work of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan is explored through a phenomenological reading of his early work. Aspects of his developmental theory, as well as certain of his theoretical innovations, are related to psychopathology and treatment and are explored and understood in phenomenological terms. Emphasis is placed on psychotherapeutic experience and understandings. The paper argues that there is much of value in Lacan's work and that it is more existentially rich than is often acknowledged .

Adolescents, their Parents, and Information and Communication Technologies:
Exploring Adolescents' Perceptions on How these Technologies
Present in Parent-Adolescent Relationships

The differences between parents and adolescents in relation to information and communication technologies (ICT) are well documented, yet little is known about how adolescents experience these differences. The study reported in this paper therefore aimed to elucidate adolescents' views on these differences, and in the process to explore the possible impact on parent-adolescent relationships. The participants comprised 23 Grade 10 learners, conveniently selected from three high schools in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. The learners participated in focus group discussions and reported on the following: their experiences and perceptions regarding their parents' level of techno-literacy; their attitude towards, and use of, ICT in comparison with that of their parents; and parental regulations imposed on their use of these technologies. Thematic content analysis was applied to delineate themes emerging from the texts. Although the study confirmed that differences between parents and adolescents exist in relation to ICT, it calls into question other research that too readily portrays this aspect as being negatively experienced by the adolescent, and a threat to healthy parent-adolescent relationships. It was also evident that it is not possible to be conclusive about the impact that ICT may have on parent-adolescent relationships, without information on how parents and adolescents relate above and beyond these technologies. The importance of ICT in adolescents' lives emphasises the need to unravel the impact it may have on their well-being.


VOLUME 5 EDITION 2, DECEMBER 2005
Colour poster

Professor C R Stones, Editor-in-Chief
Rhodes University, South Africa
Dr Manton Hirst
Anthropologist, Amathole Museum in King William's Town, South Africa

The Experience of Male Rape in
Non-Institutionalised Settings

Click here to view an abstract of this article

Professor Gertie Pretorius
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Dr Richard Hull, Psychologist, United Kingdom

Give Sorrow Words:
The Meaning of Parental Bereavement

Click here to view an abstract of this article

Dr Ann-Marie Lydall
Psychologist, South Africa
Professor Gertie Pretorius
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Professor Anita Stuart
University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Death Mirrors the Spirit of Life
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Gabriel Rossouw
Psychologist, New Zealand
Associate Professor David Russell
University of Western Sydney, Australia

Jack Marsh
Graduate student, Boston College

Higher than Actuality: The Possibility of Phenomenology in Heidegger
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Michael Marder
PhD student, Department of Philosophy
The New School for Social Research
New York, USA

Narcissism, Nationalism and Philosophy in Heidegger
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Dr Steven Segal
University of Technology , Sydney, Australia
Abstracts for Articles in this issue:

Dreams and Medicines:
The Perspective of Xhosa Diviners and Novices in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Based on anthropological fieldwork conducted in the Eastern Cape, the paper explores the interconnections between dreams (amathongo, amaphupha) and medicines (amayeza, imithi, amachiza) as aspects of the Xhosa diviner's culture, knowledge and experience. Background information is provided in the introduction, inter alia, on the Xhosa patrilineal clan (isiduko), divination (imvumisa, evumiso) and religious and cultural change. The ability to dream, inter alia, of the ancestors and medicines, is central to the diviner's intuition and professional stock-in-trade, which are part and parcel of a religious healing tradition. Examples of dreams involving the ancestors (iminyanya), diviners, clients and medicinal plants are presented and analysed in relation to relevant case material. The ritual significance of dreams is explored in some detail. The distinctions between diviner (igqirha lokuvumisa) and herbalist (ixhwele), and between medicines and charms (amakhubalo), receive attention in the section on medicines. The underlying purpose of traditional Xhosa religious ideology is discussed in the conclusion.

The Experience of Male Rape in Non-Institutionalised Settings
The aim of this article is to describe the phenomenon of male rape from the victims' perspectives. The methodology employed relied on transcendental phenomenology in order to create the rich descriptions of the lived experiences of three male survivors of rape. From the descriptions elicited from the formulation of an open-ended question, it was discovered that the phenomenon of male rape has a dominant structure that is related to the destruction and reconstruction of the masculine self. The research also revealed several textural themes that include the characteristics of the assault, treatment and support that victims receive, the effects of the assault on the self, disclosure, the learning and life changes brought about by the assault, the victims' feelings towards their assailants and the effect of the assault on the victims' relationships. This study hopes to facilitate further descriptive research on the phenomenon of male rape in order that greater knowledge be gleaned and applied regarding its prevention and healing processes.

Give Sorrow Words: The Meaning of Parental Bereavement
A fundamental tenet of hermeneutic phenomenology is that people seek to create meaning of their experience from the response sited within human consciousness. The focus of this study is on the world of the lived experience as it is interpreted by participants through memory and language as accessed by interviews in order to produce an understanding of the participants' experience. Three participants were interviewed whose adult children had died as a result of an AIDS-related illness. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and interwoven analyses sought to illustrate the participants' lived experience of the phenomenon. An attempt was made to understand how the various phenomena relating to parental bereavement were reflected by participants in the interviews. Common themes included reactions to the knowledge of the illness, the experience of being with their dying child, coping with the pain of the loss, and spiritual and existential concerns. There are references to how others judge their grieving behaviour. Issues of retribution and punishment are prominent and these appear to place a particular burden of sorrow on the grieving parent. The study provided insight into the lived experience of bereavement and the forging of new meaning structures that can accommodate the loss.

Death Mirrors the Spirit of Life
The aim of this paper is to further an understanding of how a soul comes to despair and how the spirit of life is wounded. This question is approached from the perspective of death - in the form of death defying acts and voluntary death - as the dialectic aspect of being and non-being. Death can be a reflection of the life lived and the experience of who I am. The relation between ego and Self determines who I am. Two forms of misrelating between ego and Self will be considered. One causes a sense of omnipotence as the ego identifies with Self, and the other causes a sense of alienation as the ego renounces the Self to establish an intellectual vacuum, which becomes a substitute for lived experience. In both instances, there is a growing despair of inauthenticiy and the experience of non-being, which voluntary death and death defying acts attempt to put an end to. Both manifestations of death are attempts to resolve the imbalance between the eternal and temporal dimensions of being - to put an end to the despair of being unconscious of Self - and to affirm being. It is only when there is a conscious dialectic between ego and Self that an authentic existence becomes possible. An authentic existence represents the ongoing commitment to incarnate the human reality that exists between the world of imagination and the world as it appears to our senses. This , I argue, amounts to a spirit with soul.

Friendship Otherwise: Toward a Levinasian Description of Personal Friendship
A Levinasian reading of intimate and personal friendship - of friendship "otherwise than political", as it were - suggests that intimate and personal friendship cannot be subsumed under either completely ethical or completely erotic terms. While friendship can be understood as a certain "fraternity", and thus be legitimately employed in discussing justice and politics, such a usage trades on a certain equivocation. Hermeneutics seeks to make the alien familiar, and deconstruction seeks to show that the familiar is always (already) alien. As this paper seeks to describe, a Levinasian reading of personal friendship involves both of these movements. In that Levinas, however, never explicitly addresses this relationship, the paper proceeds by sketching the broad contours of his thought before offering a phenomenology of personal friendship in the wake of the limits Levinas thematizes in his analysis of the ethical relation. The readings and analysis presented suggest that personal friendship appears as an irreducible excess, reducible to neither ethics nor enjoyment, while nevertheless passing through ethics and enjoyment. Friendship marks a space of non-violent familiarity and exteriority, a site of solidarity between identity and difference.

Higher than Actuality: The Possibility of Phenomenology in Heidegger
This paper proceeds from a schematic analysis of Heidegger's notion of 'possibility' to consider the methodological significance of Heidegger's conception of what is essential in phenomenology as inhering not "in its actuality as a philosophical ‘movement'", but in the understanding of phenomenology "as a possibility". In conclusion, the paper points to the efficacy of possibility and its mode of fulfillment as radically different from the actualization of latent potentiality.

Narcissism, Nationalism and Philosophy in Heidegger
This paper contrasts the notion of "willing" in Heidegger's politics with the notion of "dawning" in Heidegger's philosophy. It argues that, in the political text, the attunement of Dasein to what-is is centred in the notion of Dasein's "willing" of what-is, while in the philosophical text it is centred in the notion of what-is "dawning" on Dasein. It maintains that the attitude to anxiety essential to a "dawning" of what-is is not reached in Heidegger's "The Self-Assertion of the German University ". It concludes by maintaining that, rather than being attuned to what-is, the will in the "The Self-Assertion of the German University" is attuned to its own relationship to what is in a narcissistic rather than a philosophical way; that is, it territorializes "dawning" as a relation to "what is", and makes "dawning" of "what-is" its "own" in the same way as any nationalism makes a culture, a language or a geographical region its own. In contrast to the narcissism of nationalism, philosophy, as outlined by Heidegger in the essay "What Is Metaphysics?", is the experience of allowing what-is to "dawn" on Dasein rather than a preoccupation with "willing" of "dawning" as one's own relation to Being.

 

VOLUME 5 EDITION 1, APRIL 2005 Colour poster

Professor C R Stones, Editor-in-Chief
Rhodes University, South Africa
Professor David Edwards
Rhodes University, South Africa

Enlightenment and Individuation
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Gabriel Rossouw
Clinical Psychologist, New Zealand
Dr Brendon Stewart
University of Western Sydney, Australia

Associate Professor Franco A. Carnevale
McGill University, Canada

Professor Steen Halling
Seattle University, USA

Tshepo Tlali
Fort Hare University, South Africa
Samantha Moldan
Counselling Psychologist, South Africa

Husserl and Yogacara
Book Review: Buddhist Phenomenology: A Philosophical Investigation of Yogacara Buddhism and the Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun (by Dan Lusthaus)

Professor Plamen Gradinarov
Eurasia Academic Publishers, Bulgaria
Abstracts for Articles in this issue:

Unconscious Influences on Discourses About Consciousness:
Ideology, State-Specific Science and Unformulated Experience

Discussions about consciousness are complicated by the fact that participants do not share a common underlying "ordinary" consciousness.  Everyday experience is founded on what Teasdale calls implicational cognition, much of which is not verbally formulated.  An unacknowledged aspect of debate is individuals' attempts to negotiate the expression of their unformulated experience. This is further complicated by the way in which a discourse, based on particular ontological assumptions, exercises an ideological control which limits what underlying aspects of experience can be formulated at all.  Tart's concept of state specific sciences provides a framework within which the role of unformulated experience can be acknowledged and taken into account. Unless this is done, debates will be vitiated by participants engaging in ideological struggles and talking at cross-purposes.

Enlightenment and Individuation
It is important for psychology - as a discipline of thought about the nature of psyche - and for psychotherapy, as its practice of understanding, to draw a distinction between neurotic and authentic suffering if it aims to assist a person to become an indivisible being.  A difficulty with mainstream psychology is the conviction that psyche begins and ends in the realm of Reason as this conviction tends to establish a reality of permanence, absolutes and substance, and hence consequently, colludes with the 'ten thousand things' of neurotic suffering.  When reason sets the rules of reality, it is argued, a deep sense of alienation and meaninglessness takes root.  A psychology stuck in this realm is unable to attend to authentic human suffering, which is the reconciliation and synthesis of opposites in human nature.  In the dichotomy of subject and object, and unconscious and conscious, a psychology of the reason unwittingly identifies with and acts out that which it rejects as inferior.  It thus suffers from the very condition it sets out to alleviate.  The concepts of enlightenment and individuation on the other hand draw a clear distinction between neurotic and authentic suffering.  They conceive of a reality in which subject and object are one, so providing support to one suffering authentically so as to remain true to oneself and thus to become an indivisible being.

The Palliation of Dying: A Heideggerian Analysis of the “Technologization” of Death
The modern West has vigorously sought to overcome death, or at the very least minimize the suffering that it entails. Whereas the former has been predominantly pursued through modern scientific medicine, the minimization of the adversity of death and dying has been sought through ‘death technologies’. This technologization of death is analyzed in light of Martin Heidegger’s phenomenological philosophy. The analysis begins with an outline of the fundamental tenets of Heidegger’s ‘philosophy of Being’. In turn, his philosophical framework is utilized to highlight the manner in which the technologization of dying serves to conceal the central existential questions about being and finitude that dying gives rise to. The paper concludes with a discussion of how Heidegger’s work can inspire a more authentic stance toward dying. Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilych is referred to in order to illustrate Heidegger’s construal of this existential struggle toward dying.

When Intimacy and Companionship are at the Core of the Phenomenological Research Process
Historically, there has been an ambivalent attitude in psychology toward the place of the “subjective” both in clinical practice and in research. This has been true even for phenomenological research where there is a desire to embrace the personal while there is also a concern that findings be presented as if they are objective in the sense of having an existence independent of the particular researcher’s relationship to them. This article discusses a collaborative approach to research that depends on the development of a relationship of intimacy among the researchers and between the researchers and the phenomenon under study. The dialogal phenomenological approach has a twenty-year history and has been used to study phenomena such as social activism, helping and healing, forgiveness, and hopelessness. Focusing especially on two recent studies of hopelessness, the paper discusses how, in the context of dialogue among researchers, presence and intimacy, as well as truth and understanding become possible, and how working collaboratively makes it easier to find words to speak to what one encounters.

Educators’ Experience of Managing Sexually Abused Learners: Implications for Educational Support Structures
The purpose of this study was to establish the personal impact that managing sexually abused learners had on primary school educators working in an East London (South Africa) community. In addition, the researchers sought to establish what support these educators felt they needed in order to help alleviate the personal impact that managing sexually abused learners might have on them. A phenomenological approach was employed to address the research questions. Using availability-sampling methods, four educators from a local primary school were interviewed and the data systematically analysed in accordance with Morrisette's (1999) seven–step procedural model. The present study confirmed the finding of Skinner (1999) and Mzamo (2003) that managing cases of sexually abused learners had a profound personal effect on the participants. What was most commonly felt was a sense of frustration with the justice system, as well as a sense of personal responsibility. In addition, the participants felt that they needed support structures to assist them in managing sexual abuse cases in the school. In particular, they felt that they needed a forum where they could share their own experiences and feelings, as well as receive guidance on how to deal with problems in their class. A need for more support from professional psychologists was also expressed, as well as a need for counselling skills training and general training in the area of child sexual abuse. It is hoped that these findings will prove useful in providing guidelines for the development of appropriate support structures for educators managing cases of child sexual abuse in South African schools. More research on the subject needs to be conducted within South Africa, however, in order to ensure that the support structures implemented address context-specific needs.

 

VOLUME 4, EDITION 1, AUGUST 2004

 
Professor C R Stones, Editor-in-Chief
Rhodes University, South Africa
Professor Rex van Vuuren
St Augustine College, South Africa
Professor Hennie van der Mescht
Rhodes University, South Africa
Dr Peter Willis
University of South Australia, Australia

Rodrigo Becerra
Charles Gardiner Hospital, Western Australia

Professor Les Todres
Bournemouth University, UK

Chronic Pain and Returning to Learning:
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Three Women
Click here to view an abstract of this article

Anita Sinner
British Colombia, Canada

Tessa Therkelston
RATO Natural Health Clinic, New Zealand; and
Dr Patricia Sherwood
Edith Cowan University, Australia

Abstracts for Articles in this issue:

Phenomenology in Education: A Case Study in Education Leadership
This paper was penned by one of the journal's editorial panellists with the aim of stimulating debate around the issue of using a phenomenological research paradigm in the study of education leadership. This is especially important in view of the multiple methodologies that are prevalent within the broad scope of the social sciences and, equally important, the seemingly ever-changing methodological scenarios that do not necessarily usher in any paradigmatic changes.

Reader response is encouraged in the hope that a special issue dealing with Phenomenology in Education can be published in the short to medium term.

From “The Things Themselves” to a “Feeling of Understanding”: Finding Different Voices in Phenomenological Research
This paper explores some of the ways in which phenomenological approaches have been linked to contemporary social science inquiry into human ways of knowing and learning in the fields of education and nursing research. It then looks at four contemporary approaches which draw on phenomenology namely: distinguishing imaginal from rational/logical knowing as an alternative and complementary mode of knowing; using ‘arts based’ or ‘expressive’ approaches to inquiry; developing hermeneutic text making to present research findings and using heuristics in a cyclical approach to understanding forms of human experience. The suggestion is that these approaches could be enriched and deepened by a more explicit exploration of phenomenological approaches and that conversely, some of forms of phenomenological research might be enriched by the use of these approaches.

“Atmosphere”, a Precursor of “Cognitive Schemas”: Tracing Tacit Phenomenological Influences on Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Whilst individuals deal with divergent sorts of stimuli from the environment, they also tend to display some regularity in the way they respond to related patterns. These consistent responses can be conceptualised as cognitive schemas. A paramount component of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the notion of cognitive schemas as they are a favoured point of therapeutic intervention. CBT as articulated by Beck in the 1960s owes intellectual acknowledgment to Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger and their notions of “atmosphere” and “clearing” respectively. This essay explores the notion of cognitive schema and atmosphere as applied to emotional pathology. It suggests that the well-known influence that phenomenology had on existential psychology could be extended to empirical clinical psychology, like CBT.  The strategy adopted in this paper is to use Dreyfus’ ontological and epistemological distinction in psychopathology and then make a similar distinction, albeit using different terminology, in the CBT tradition.  Some empirical findings from the literature are examined which render support to the existence of cognitive schemas and their crucial contributory role in the aetiology and maintenance of emotional disorders. It is noted that some of the features of these cognitive schemas were espoused well before Beck by Merleau-Ponty and the phenomenological-existential tradition.

The Wound that Connects: A Consideration of “Narcissism” and the Creation of Soulful Space
This article develops an existential perspective on what has been called ‘narcissism’. Using both the psychoanalytic tradition and the literary myth of Narcissus as ‘touchstones’, it unfolds a view of existential dilemmas and possibilities that are announced by this discourse. As such, it seeks to clarify the existential task of embodying human vulnerability – a journey that is potentially the source and depth of human compassion. With the help of the perspectives of A. H. Almaas and Eugene Gendlin, the phenomenon of ‘soulful space’ is named, and pursued in both logical and evocative ways. 'Soulful space' is articulated as an existential achievement and an alternative response to the call of Narcissus: an embodiment of both vulnerability and freedom; a freedom-wound that grounds interpersonal empathy and openness

Chronic Pain and Returning to Learning: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Three Women
An in-depth analysis of the post-secondary learning experiences of three women revealed that their decisions to participate in college and university courses in Canada were interconnected with lived experiences of chronic pain.  A causal link between chronic pain and returning to learning was an unexpected outcome of a study focusing on women’s learning experiences in post-secondary institutions.  Each woman in this study learned to cope with and adapt to her chronic pain, and over time, returned to learning to undertake new areas of study to accommodate a redefinition of self based on chronic pain.  Eventually chronic pain became a conduit to more positive experiences of learning and reflection.  The role and meaning of chronic pain in the learning equation represents a blind spot in the existing educational literature and it is through such in-depth, descriptive stories of participants that we learn how this invisible barrier may influence the learning decisions of women.

Patients’ Experience of the External Therapeutic Application of Ginger by Anthroposophically Trained Nurses
There has been considerable public debate on a range of complementary health practices throughout the western world, perhaps especially in Australia, United States and Europe.  Most often, the research critique of these practices is restricted to quantitative or non-user qualitative research methodologies.  Consequently, there is a significant gap in the research profile of complementary health services that needs to be addressed particularly in view of the rapid and ongoing increase in the use of complementary services, even in the face of sometimes adverse media publicity. This paper demonstrates the contribution that phenomenologically-based research can make to fill this lacuna by explicating, in detail, the client experience of a complementary health practice.  The paper explores patient experience of a ginger compress, as applied by anthroposophically trained nurses, to demonstrate various therapeutic effects.  Four key themes emerged including an increase in warmth and internal activity in the major organs of the body, changes in thought-life and sensory perception along with a greater sense of well-being and self-focus with the perception of clearer personal boundaries. These themes, emerging from a patient sample in New Zealand, compared favourably to the Filderklinik Study completed in 1992 in a large German state hospital
.

 

VOLUME 3, EDITION 1, NOVEMBER 2003

 
Professor C R Stones, Editor-in-Chief IPJP Head, Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, South Africa
Professor David Edwards
Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Dr Zelda G Knight and Bruce C Bradfield
Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Professor Rex van Vuuren
St Augustine College, South Africa
Guest Forum
Generational Phenomenology
Dr Lester Embree
Department of Philosophy, Florida Atlantic University, USA

 

VOLUME 2, EDITION 2, SEPTEMBER 2002

 
Professor Robert Schweitzer, Editor-in-Chief IPJP Associate Professor and Head of Counselling Studies at the School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
Dr Zelda Knight
Department of Psychology
Rhodes University, South Africa
Professor Steve Edwards
Head of Department, Psychology
University of Zululand, South Africa
John Hughson, University of Wolverhampton
David Englis
, University of Aberdeen
Dr Stuart Devenish
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia

VOLUME 2, EDITION 1, APRIL 2002

 
Professor Robert Schweitzer, Editor-in-Chief IPJP Associate Professor and Head of Counselling Studies at the School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
Dr Peter Willis
University of South Australia, Australia
Professor Les Todres
Institute of Health and Community Studies Bournemouth University, U.K.
Bruce Bradfield
Rhodes University, South Africa
Gloria Ingram
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia
A Phenomenological Explication Method Dr Stuart Devenish
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia

VOLUME 1, EDITION 2, SEPTEMBER 2001

 
Professor Robert Schweitzer, Editor-in-Chief IPJP Associate Professor and Head of Counselling Studies at the School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
Professor Steve Edwards
University of Zululand, South Africa
Professor Dreyer Kruger, Emeritus Professor,
Rhodes University, South Africa
Jennifer Barnes
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Dr Patricia Sherwood
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia

VOLUME 1, EDITION 1, APRIL 2001

 
Professor Robert Schweitzer, Editor-in-Chief IPJP Associate Professor and Head of Counselling Studies at the School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
Dr Lester Embree
Department of Philosophy, Florida Atlantic University, Florida, USA
Dr Paul MacDonald
Murdoch University, Western Australia
Fred Rabbetts and Professor Steve Edwards
University of Zululand, South Africa
Carl Holroyd
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia
The 'Things Themselves' in Phenomenology   
Dr Peter Willis
University of South Australia, South Australia
Book Review
Heidegger and Leibniz:
Reason and Faith (by Renato Cristin, 11998) 
Felicity Haynes
Book Review
Being, Seeking and Telling: Expressive
Approaches to Qualitative Adult Education
research (2001)
Sally Borbasi

 

 

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