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BACK ISSUES |
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| Volume 6, Edition 2, August 2006 |
| August 2006, Special Edition: Methodology |
| Volume 6, Edition 1, May 2006 |
| Volume 5, Edition 2, December 2005 |
| Volume 5, Edition 1, April 2005 |
| Volume 4, Edition 1, August 2004 |
| Volume
3, Edition 1, November 2003 |
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VOLUME 6 EDITION 2, AUGUST 2006
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Dr Neil Soggie
Assistant Professor of Psychology, Atlantic Baptist College, Canada
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Steve Schofield
PhD Student, Department of Philosophy, Murdoch University, Australia
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Kerstin Erlandsson
PhD student, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Dr Kyllike Christensson
Professor, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Dr Ingegerd Fagerberg
Associate Professor, Mälardalen University, Västerås and Eskilstuna, Sweden
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Dr Maurice Apprey
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Virginia, USA
Dr Endel Talvik
Psychologist, Estonia
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Dr Juha HimankaAdjunct Professor (Theoretical Philosophy), University of Helsinki, Finland |
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Book Review: Quantum Closures and Disclosures
Gordon G. Globus (2003). Quantum Closures and Disclosures: Thinking-Together Postphenomenology and Quantum Brain Dynamics (Volume 50 in the series Advances in Consciousness Research). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
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Dr Tere Vaden
Professor of Philosphy, University of Tampere, Finland |
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Book Review: Companion Guides to Contemporary Shamanism Hillary S. Webb (2003). Exploring Shamanism: Using Ancient Rites to Discover the Unlimited Healing Powers of Cosmos and Consciousness. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books Hillary
S. Webb (2004). Travelling between the Worlds: Conversations with
Contemporary Shamans. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing
Company, Inc.
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Penny Bernard
Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, South Africa |
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| Abstracts for Articles in this issue: |
The Essentials of Existential Psychoanalysis
The
purpose of this inquiry was to provide a guide for discussing the
essential requirements for existential therapy, in particular within
the initial phase. From the responses of a sample of professional
therapists, three essential themes have been identified: convenience
(that is, having a script that will allow the therapist to reach a
rapid understanding of the nature of the client’s existential
being), mythic familiarity, and an emphasis upon imaginal techniques.
On
the Phenomenon of Inserted Thoughts: A Critique of Shaun
Gallagher’s Neurophenomenological Account of Thought InsertionThis
paper explores the phenomenon of thought insertion, an experience
reported by some schizophrenics where it is believed that other persons
or forces are inserting thoughts into their minds. This relatively
circumscribed symptom of schizophrenia raises difficult questions
concerning our sense of agency for our thoughts. How is it possible
that persons can think that their thoughts are not their own?
Gallagher, drawing on Husserl’s early work on time-consciousness,
provides a subtle and sophisticated answer to this problem, suggesting
that protention may underlie our sense of agency for thinking and that
the experience of inserted thoughts may occur in the event of an
intermittent failure in this protentional function. More recent Husserl
scholarship suggests, however, that this account may face problems on
phenomenological grounds. It is argued here that our sense of agency
for thinking requires more than protention, and, consequently, that the
absence of protention cannot fully explain the loss of agency for
thinking characterizing the experience of thought insertion. In order
to contextualize this discussion of the phenomenon theoretically and,
in the process, to provide an introduction to the difficulties in
explaining it, this paper proceeds with a consideration of
Frith’s early cognitive account of thought insertion and the
contribution of Stephens and Graham in this regard. In conclusion, it
is argued that, despite the merits of all three accounts presented,
they remain unable to account for the phenomenon of inserted thoughts,
and that we might more fruitfully understand this experience as being a
type of uncontrollable passive or autochthonous thinking.
Fatherhood as Taking the Child to Oneself: A Phenomenological Observation Study after Caesarean Birth This
paper describes the meaning of a father’s presence with a
full-term healthy child delivered by caesarean section, as observed
during the routine post-operative separation of mother and child.
Videotaped observations recorded at a maternity clinic located in the
metropolitan area of Stockholm, Sweden formed the basis for the study,
in which fifteen fathers with their infants participated within two
hours of elective caesarean delivery in the 37th - 40th week of
pregnancy. A phenomenological analysis based on Giorgi’s method was conducted
on the data. The description of the new father’s experiences that
emerged pointed to a process of being and becoming in taking the child
to himself. Fatherhood developed gradually as a result of recurrent
experiences of the child’s expressions. There was an ebb and flow
between taking on the role of being a father and physical withdrawal
from the role.
The
findings of this study not only confirm previous accounts of new
fathers’ experiences, but go further in revealing an ebb and flow
variation in the fathers’ involvement. What this indicates is
that the process of transition to fatherhood requires not only presence
but time. The period required for this process thus must not be
disturbed, but supported, trusting in the father’s ability to
assume his role as a father. It is suggested that, in addition to their
relevance in guiding the attitudes and expectations of those
professionally involved in postnatal care and community health, these
findings could be useful in antenatal courses for parents, and
especially in instances when caesarean birth is planned, to highlight
the meaning of the role of fathers as caregivers.
On
the Sense of Ownership of a Community Integration Project:
Phenomenology as Praxis in the Transfer of Project Ownership from Third-Party Facilitators to a Community after Conflict Resolution
There
are non-governmental organizations that operate transnationally and
there are those that operate within the boundaries of a nation. A third
use of non-governmental organizations is articulated. We may call this
third category an instrumental use of non-governmental organizations to
facilitate the transfer of the work of third-party conflict resolution
practitioners to the two previously feuding parties. Representative
accounts are provided in Part I of this paper.
In
Part II, the instrumental use of the NGO to transfer knowledge from
practitioners to the indigenous and previously feuding parties is
depicted as a means to fill a practice gap in the field of conflict
resolution, where many praxes do not examine the transfer of knowledge
in an experiential and discovery-oriented way. An alternative is
presented where the process of appropriation is suggested as an object
of study.
In
Part III, a conceptualization of how one may determine the
phenomenology of a sense of ownership of the project by the previously
feuding parties is provided. A phenomenological account of the journey
from constituting subjectivity to a constituted objectivity is
articulated to the point where we see a division of labour between
Husserl’s transcendental project, that seeks universal and
broader essences, and psychology, which is highly contextualized.
Part
IV constitutes the implementation of the praxis to answer the specific
question, “What is the sense of ownership of the parties in
conflict?” - and, derivatively, “What is the
fate of the hitherto agonistic relation?” A conflict resolution
model is consolidated or reconfigured using the lessons drawn from the
results of the study and from a second look at the literature to see
where changes in practice and reconceptualization may be required.
Language: Functionalism versus Authenticity
This
paper sets out to demonstrate that a phenomenological reflection on
language highlights the possibilities of authenticity in communication,
and as such provides a very necessary complement to the dominant
linguistic perspectives: the syntactic and grammatical perspective,
Saussurean linguistics, and systemic functional linguistics. While the
syntactic and grammatical perspective, which predominates in the
educational context, presents language as an institutionalized,
authoritarian and self-contained system, Saussurean linguistics
provides a view of language as a complex, self-contained, technical
system, as such reflecting the nature of modern society. The third
perspective, systemic functional linguistics, describes templates of
specific genre, models which aid students to construct their own, while
simultaneously discouraging individual self-expression. In contrast, a
reflective phenomenological perspective identifies and encourages
authentic self-expression. The paper concludes by considering ways to
reconcile the impetus in language teaching towards, on the one hand,
the language of institutional authority, and, on the other, individual
self-expression.
How Does a Dark Room Appear: Husserl’s Illumination of the Breakthrough of Logical Investigations
Evidence is the very core of Husserlian phenomenology, with the term “evidence” signifying for Husserl the phenomenological
perspective on the question of truth. In contrast to the conventional
philosophical understanding of “truth” in mainly
epistemological terms, Husserl’s notion of
“evidence”, as elaborated in his Logical Investigations
(1900–1), is more essentially ontological, pointing to the way in
which a phenomenon becomes clear to us in its constitution.
Husserl’s main point in the Sixth Investigation was that we can
“see” how evidence functions when we compare something in
the fullness of its presence with the emptiness of its absence. This
paper considers the example Husserl offers of the room where the lights
go off in order to illuminate the breakthrough for phenomenology
achieved by Logical Investigations in its move beyond logic and
epistemology to the primary level of pretheoretical experience as the
reality of the real.

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VOLUME 6 SPECIAL EDITION: Methodology, AUGUST 2006
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Les Todres, Guest Editor Professor of Qualitative Research and Psychotherapy, Bournemouth University, England |
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Brent Dean Robbins
Assistant Professor of Psychology, Daemen College, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Scott D. Churchill
Professor of Psychology, Graduate Psychology Programme Director, University of Dallas, USA
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Amedeo Giorgi
Professor of Psychology, Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco, California, USA
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Karin Dahlberg
Professor of Caring Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Växjö University, Sweden
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Ernesto Spinelli
Senior Fellow, School of Psychotherapy and Counselling, Regent's College, London, United Kingdom
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Using Photography as a Means of Phenomenological Seeing: "Doing Phenomenology" with Immigrant Children
Click here to view an abstract of this article
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Anna Kirova & Michael Emme
Anna Kirova Associate Professor of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Canada
Michael J. Emme Associate Professor of Art Education, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Canada
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Thinking at the Edge: Where Theory and Practice Meet to Create Fresh Understandings
Click here to view an abstract of this article
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Kevin Krycka
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Seattle University, USA |
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Abstracts for Articles in this issue: |
The Delicate Empiricism of Goethe: Phenomenology as a Rigorous Science of Nature
Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe's approach to natural scientific research has
unmistakable parallels to phenomenology. These parallels are clear
enough to allow one to say confidently that Goethe's delicate
empiricism is indeed a phenomenology of nature. This paper examines how
Goethe's criticisms of Newton anticipated Husserl's announcement of the
crisis of the modern sciences, and it describes how Goethe, at a
critical juncture in cultural history, addressed this emerging crisis
through a thorough-going scientific method that is virtually identical to the method
of contemporary empirical-phenomenological research in the human
sciences. Goethe's practice of science shares with phenomenology a
participatory, morally-responsive, and holistic approach to the
description of dynamic life-world phenomena. Delicate empiricism has
its own version of the phenomenological epoché, and, like
Husserl's technique of imaginative variation, it strives to disclose
the essential or archetypal structure of the phenomenon through the
endowment of human imagination. However, a close reading of Goethe
suggests that the tendency amongst some scholars to distinguish
phenomenology as human science from the natural sciences is actually a
costly error which unwittingly falls prey to implicit Cartesian
assumptions. Goethe, however, manages to avoid these problems by
performing from the first a phenomenology of nature's sensibility.
Encountering the Animal Other: Reflections on Moments of Empathic Seeing The
ultimate challenge for psychology as a human science inheres in
accessing the experience of the other. In general, the field of
psychology has perpetuated the epistemological dualism of
distinguishing between the realm accessible by external perception and
the realm accessible by inner perception, and hence between the
subjective (or "first person" perspective) and the objective
(or "third person" perspective), regarding the "first person"
perspective as a legitimate means of access only to one's own private
experience, while insisting that all others' experience must be
observed from a neutral "third person" perspective. By reflecting on
his participant-observational encounters with the animal other of the
Bonobo, the author attempts to demonstrate in this paper the
possibility of a third approach between the antinomy of methodological
subjectivism and methodological objectivism as a way out of the
dilemmas posed by epistemological dualism. The alternative proposed is
the "second person" framework of observation, which, by invoking
empathic seeing as its means of accessing the private space of the
other and creating the space of the "in between", allows for
intersubjective engagement in an experiential gestalt consisting of
"myself and the other", and offers the possibility of testing one's
'own' experience of an intersubjective moment in dialogue with the
other. In so far as it infers the focusing of consciousness on embodied
experience and expression, and the synthesis of receptive and
proprioceptive consciousness in "experiaction" (Von Eckartsberg, 1971),
the "second person" perspective restores inner reality to the realm of
the observable, and thus reclaims observation as the method of
psychology, and behaviour as its subject matter. The notion of empathy
and intuition as a reliable and valid mode of access to the
psychological life of others is substantiated theoretically with
reference to inter alia Husserl's concepts of "coupling" and
"co-constitution", Merleau-Ponty's notions of "intercorporeality" or
"carnal intersubjectivity" and of "the intertwining and the chiasm" of
the "Ineinander" as constitutive of the "flesh of the world", Laing's
postulation of the possibility of "interexperience", and the sense of
union with the object of perception implied by Scheler's term
"Einsfuhlung" as the essence of intersubjective encounter.
Dancing Between Embodied Empathy and Phenomenological Reflection
In
phenomenological research, layered understandings emerge from a complex
process of experiencing and reflection, engaged in by both researcher
and participant. Researcher and participant engage in a dance, moving
in and out of experiencing and reflection while simultaneously moving
through a shared intersubjective space that is the research encounter.
If researchers are to empathise - imaginatively project themselves into
participants' experience - they need to be open to this intersubjective
space. First, I describe and reflect upon two particular moments of
empathy which have arisen in two different phenomenological research
interviews. I then attempt to make sense of these encounters with
reference to phenomenological theory and philosophy related to empathy
and intersubjectivity. A final section discusses some dilemmas we face
as researchers when we apply empathy in our phenomenological research
practice and considers the epistemological status of our empathic
findings.
Facts, Values and the Psychology of the Human Person
The
notion of value neutrality has been a contentious issue within the
human and social sciences for some time. In this paper, some of the
philosophical and scientific bases for the confusion surrounding the
fact-value dichotomy are covered and the discrepancy between how
psychology studies values and expresses them is noted. The sense of
value neutrality is clarified historically and the clarified meaning of
the term applied to some qualitative data demonstrating in what sense
values may be expressed in psychology. The position is upheld that
psychology as a human science intentionally should not be absolutely
value free in the sense that human reality has to be studied in a
non-reductionistic manner and thus methods of study must be respectful
of the full ethical sense of humanness. This is simply meeting the
phenomenological requirement of "fidelity to the phenomenon". However,
psychology can be value free in the historical sense of the term
properly understood because it refers to the fact that the personal
values of the scientists ought not to be conflated with scientific
findings. The discussion of values takes place primarily within the
context of science, where the problem of value neutrality emerged, but
it is acknowledged that non-scientific approaches to value have merit
and can also be compelling.
'The Individual in the World - The World in the Individual': Towards a Human Science Phenomenology that Includes the Social World
Human
science researchers tend to be targeted for critique on the grounds
that their approach is too individualistic to take due cognisance of
societal and political influences. What is accordingly advocated is
that the phenomenological and so-called romantic theories should be
abandoned in favour of analytic or continental theories that have as
their main focus the system, the group, the society, and the various
influences of the social world on the existential reality of the
individual.
Without trying to invalidate these social science
strategies, this paper attempts to show that it is not necessary to
surrender phenomenology in order to understand not only the individual,
but also the social world in which individuals live. It is argued that
the desired goal of a less individualistic human science's theoretical
basis can still be founded in phenomenology, in that Merleau-Ponty's
philosophy, which has its origin in Husserlian phenomenology, provides
us with an adequate ontology for understanding human existence more
comprehensively. Merleau-Ponty's ontological philosophy elucidates the
in-between world, that structure of existence where the individual
cannot be separated from her/his world context. In his exploration of
the reversibility of existence, Merleau-Ponty demonstrates that there
is no ontological gulf between the individual and the social world.
Instead, the world is 'in' the individual as much as the individual is
'in' the world. With this phenomenological epistemology, it is argued,
it is possible to generate research that is capable "of more than a
frozen existence", as Merleau-Ponty puts it.
The Value of Relatedness in Existential Psychotherapy and Phenomenological Enquiry
Existential
psychotherapy places pivotal significance upon the inter-relational
aspects of human experience. By so doing, the therapeutic relationship
itself becomes the principal means through which the client's
presenting symptoms and disorders are disclosed as direct expressions
and outcomes of the client's overall "way of being" rather than as
isolated and disruptive impediments. At the same time, existential
therapy emphasises the actual relationship that emerges between
psychotherapist and client and argues that it is via the contrast and
comparison of this lived experience with that of their 'wider world'
experience that clients can find the means to reconsider and
reconstruct their "ways of being". This paper seeks to demonstrate
that, as well as their shared aims and methods of enquiry, it is the
mutual emphasis upon inter-relatedness as a foundational value for
human enquiry that reveals substantive and intriguing points of
connection between existential psychotherapy and phenomenological
enquiry. The paper furthermore argues that existential psychotherapy
might best be viewed as a clearly formulated expression of
phenomenological enquiry.
Using Photography as a Means of Phenomenological Seeing: "Doing Phenomenology" with Immigrant Children
The
aim of the study presented in this paper was to understand the
lifeworlds of children who experience immigration and whose lives are
marked by dramatic changes in their being-in-the-world. More
specifically, the study proceeded from the question: What does it mean
for an immigrant child to enter school in a new country? Two
methodological questions were also explored, namely (1) How does one
conduct a phenomenological investigation of a childhood phenomenon when
the researchers and the participants do not share a common language?
and (2) How does one engage children in the research process so that
they provide not only "thick" descriptions of their experiences using
alternative, non-linguistic means, but also make meaning of these
experiences? In the current study, still photography was used to help
the immigrant children recall and make meaning of what they experienced
on their first day of school in a new country. In the process, they
were enabled to become conscious photographers who came to see the
world in such a way that photographic seeing became phenomenological
seeing. Two examples of the children's visual narratives in the form of
fotonovelas are presented to illustrate a methodology that involves
fusion of the horizons surrounding the children, captured images of
situations they encountered as they entered the classroom, and how the
viewer saw the created image. The expanded notion of text and the use
of digital technology in developing the text opened a space not only
for visual representation of the children's lived experiences, but also
for phenomenological analysis of these experiences. It is suggested
that, although the written and visual texts produced as a result of the
study differ, they are similar in the way in which they allow for
phenomenological reflection and in their ability to show the phenomenon
so as to evoke the reader's "phenomenological nod".
Thinking at the Edge: Where Theory and Practice Meet to Create Fresh Understandings
This
paper focuses on the use of concretely felt experience in
phenomenological methodology and theory construction. Using the example
of a stepwise process of theory making called Thinking at the Edge
(Gendlin, 2004), the author shows how experience functions in the
creation of a new theory on the self-as-becoming. In the process, he
attempts to demonstrate how the ongoing work relating to creating a new
theory of self is germane to phenomenology.
The paper draws on
the major philosophical work of Eugene Gendlin (1962 & 2004) in his
development of "The Philosophy of the Implicit" (POI), and the two
distinct practices, Focusing (1982) and Thinking at the Edge (2004),
which grew out of it. This philosophy forms the theoretical basis upon
which the assertion is made that experience that is directly referred
to can be utilized as the core of a method in the explication of
theory. Two challenges facing phenomenological researchers and
theorists who desire to utilize felt experience in their work are
addressed, namely (1) the fact that the intimately felt aspect
underlying the creation of new ideas is basically hidden from the view
of others and is thus not verifiable in the usual way, and (2) the lack
of a larger public language for articulating the process and progress
that follows concretely from felt experience. It is argued that
Thinking at the Edge provides scientists or specialists in any field,
including phenomenologists, with a means whereby they can explicitly
use felt experience in their work. It also opens the way for fresh
theoretical language, of a kind characterized by reflexivity of felt
experience, within the broader public language of the various fields,
in the process specifically demonstrating how theory instances and
exceeds itself.
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VOLUME 6 EDITION 1, MAY 2006
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Theodore Petrus
Doctoral Student, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa
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Kathryn Gow
Senior Lecturer, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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Tracy Watson
Doctoral Student, Tara Hospital, South Africa
Deon de Bruin
Professor, Industrial Psychology,
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Dr Ingrid Richardson
Multimedia and Cultural Studies, Murdoch University, Australia
Carly Harper
PhD Candidate,
University of New South Wales, Australia
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Notes Towards a Phenomenological
Reading of Lacan
Click here to view an abstract of this article
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Ryan Kemp
Clinical Psychologist, Camden & Islington Mental Health and Social Care NHS Trust, United Kingdom |
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Adolescents, their Parents, and Information
and Communication Technologies:
Exploring Adolescents' Perceptions on
How these Technologies Present in
Parent-Adolescent Relationships
Click here to view an abstract of this article
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Willem Odendaal
Research Psychologist, Consultant, Medical Research Council, South Africa
Professor Charles Malcolm
Head, Department of Psychology,
University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Shazly Savahl
Department of Psychology,
University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Rose September
Head, Child and Youth Research Programme, University of the Western Cape, South Africa |
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| Abstracts for Articles in this issue: |
Engaging the World of the Supernatural:
Anthropology, Phenomenology and the Limitations of Scientific Rationalism
Scientific rationalism has long been considered one of the pillars of
true science. It has been one of the criteria academics have used in
their efforts to categorise disciplines as scientific. Perhaps
scientific rationalism acquired this privileged status because it
worked relatively well within the context of the natural sciences,
where it seemed to be easy to apply this kind of rationalism to the
solution of natural scientific problems. However, with the split in the
scientific world between the natural sciences and the social sciences,
the role of scientific rationalism, especially in the social sciences,
becomes less clear-cut, with the ambiguous status of positivism in the
social sciences making scientific rationalism more of a shaky
foundation than a pillar of social science. The weaknesses inherent in
scientific rationalism are most exposed within the context of
anthropology, and particularly in the anthropological study of the
supernatural, or supernatural beliefs. This paper will attempt to point
out some of the weaknesses of scientific rationalism specifically
within the context of the anthropology of the supernatural and
religion. By doing so, it is hoped to show, with reference to some
phenomenological ideas, that, while scientific rationalism does have
its merits within anthropology, a rigid application of rationalism
could become a limitation for anthropological studies of those aspects
of human life that challenge Western scientific rationalism. The debate
around the position of anthropology as a science or non-science is
related to the issue of the role of scientific rationalism. This debate
is indeed part of the history of anthropology and is as yet unresolved.
As such, the ideas of several earlier scholars will be referred to in
an attempt to contextualise the arguments presented in this paper.
The "Holy Grail" Experience or Heightened Awareness?
Can
moments of spiritual atonement (the Holy Grail Experience) be explained
away as heightened awareness and other more mundane worldly phenomena?
The author posits that part of the puzzle can be accounted for by the
following factors: hypnotic phenomena such as time distortion, time
orientation, fantasy proneness, absorption and a movement from
dissociation to association. Knowledge about sensory modalities,
internal dialogues and peripheral sensing, and about meditation and
awareness, may also help to verbalise this magical moment of "grace".
Writings on conversion experiences and mysticism may also assist us in
investigating this phenomenon, when time stands still, and when for
brief moments in life we become absorbed in the wonderment of life at
its zenith - a taste of eternity. Contextual elements of prior social
isolation and sensory deprivation are investigated as possible
contributions to this unique phenomenon. In this conceptual article,
the author explores the Holy Grail experience from both spiritual and
secular viewpoints.
Experiencing the Meaning of Breathing
This
research was motivated by the author's personal experiences with
various breathing methods as well as meaningful breathing experiences
reported by clients, colleagues and friends. The meaning of breathing
is discussed in relation to consciousness, bodiliness, spirituality,
illness prevention and health promotion. Experiencing the meaning of
breathing is to experience more meaning in life itself. Experiential
vignettes confirm that breathing skills may be regarded as an original
method of survival, energy control, improving quality of life,
preventing illness and promoting health.
Getting Under the Skin: The Inscription of Dermatological Disease on the Self-Concept
Psychological
factors have long been associated with the onset, maintenance and
exacerbation of many cutaneous disorders (Newell, 2000, p. 8;
Papadopoulos, Bor & Legg, 1999, p. 107). Chronic cutaneous disease
is often visible to others so that social factors in coping and
adjustment are thus highly relevant (Papadopoulos, et al., 1999, p.
107). Psychological factors tend, however, to be overlooked in the
dermatological treatment domain when the skin problem is not regarded
as life threatening (MacGregor, 1990 as cited in Papadopoulos, et al.,
1999, p. 113). In 2004, at a meeting of the Editorial Board of
Dermatology Nursing , the need for studies presenting the patient's
perspective on living with a skin disease was discussed. It was thought
that qualitative exploration of the patient's experience of cutaneous
disease would provide medical and mental health care professionals with
valuable insights and important information to help improve dermatology
patient care (Hill, 2004, p. 399). More specifically, Papadopoulos et
al. (1999, p. 122) posit that qualitative exploration of dermatological
patients' lived experience might help provide insight into the efficacy
of coping strategies, the need for psychological counsel, and also the
need for a more holistic understanding of this patient population
rather than maintaining a dichotomous focus on either the mind or the
body.
Research
in the field is currently characterised by (a) a predominance of
quantitative studies, the design of which results in inevitable loss of
in-depth information regarding the experiential world of sufferers of
cutaneous disease (Hill, 2004, p. 399; Papadopoulos, et al., 1999, p.
122), and (b) a dearth of studies investigating the impact of
disfiguring skin conditions on the self-concept. In order to address
this lack, and simultaneously to contribute towards mapping the
psycho-dermatological terrain in need of qualitative exploration, this
paper attempts to integrate the findings of relevant studies in the
fields of both dermatology and psychology, with specific focus on women
suffering from psoriasis, a common chronic disorder of the skin, and
the impact of this on the various dimensions of self. The primary aim
of this paper is, however, to prompt qualitative - and, in particular,
phenomenological - research in the area of body disfigurement and
self-concept in order to elucidate the lived experiences of people
afflicted with disfiguring dermatological conditions, and as such to
promote necessary change in the therapeutic domain .
Imaging the Visceral Soma: A Corporeal Feminist Interpretation
Feminist philosophers of technoscience have long argued that it is
vital that we question biomedical and scientific claims to an
immaterial and disembodied objectivity, and also, more specifically,
that we disable the conception of medical visualising technologies as
neutral or transparent conduits to the "fact" of the body. In this
paper we suggest that corporeal feminism is well situated to provide
such a critique. Feminist phenomenologists over the past decade have
theorised embodiment in a number of critical ways, many deriving
concepts from the work of Merleau-Ponty, and emphasising the pliability
and diversity of our body images and corporeal schematics. Others such
as Elizabeth Wilson, Cathy Waldby and Drew Leder have considered the
interdependence of our inner biology or viscerality with the
socio-cultural inscriptions of embodiment. In this paper, these
adaptations of phenomenology, and their account of the specificity and
depth of embodied being, will be discussed and applied to the discourse
of biomedicine and the apparatus of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gesture, Landscape and Embrace: A Phenomenological Analysis of Elemental Motions
Maurice Merleau-Ponty's 'flesh of the world' speaks to an embodied
connection to the spaces we inhabit deeply, primally, elementally.
Flesh suggests water and its circulations, air and its respirations,
earth and its conformations, fire and its inspirations. Flesh speaks to
our bodily relations with the elements of a more-than-human world. This
paper explores the felt imperative to these relations where, as
Merleau-Ponty put it, 'all distance is traversed' and wherein movement
arises not specifically in the body, but in the nexus and intertwining
of bodily engagement with the world. There is a primacy to movement
that registers in the living body in its carnal ties to the elements of
the world's flesh. The 'radical reflection' on the 'flesh of the world'
to which this analysis aspires in turn bears upon the general field of
gestural reciprocities and connections, providing the insight that
intimate gestures of the flesh, such as the embrace, are primordial
attunements, motions of rhythm and reciprocity, that emanate from the
world in identification with it. The embrace is fundamentally,
elementally, a gesture of landscape dwelling. A phenomenology of
elemental motions provides the textual reminder that to be at home in
various landscapes means to know what it is to be embraced corporeally,
sensually, within the human and especially the more-than-human folds of
the world.
Notes Toward a Phenomenological Reading of Lacan
Phenomenological
psychotherapy, while critiquing psychoanalytic theories, has always
sought to draw on and be inspired by these (and other) approaches. To
read psychoanalysis through the lens of existential-phenomenology
opens, deepens and perhaps even rehabilitates this body of work. In
this paper, the work of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan is
explored through a phenomenological reading of his early work. Aspects
of his developmental theory, as well as certain of his theoretical
innovations, are related to psychopathology and treatment and are
explored and understood in phenomenological terms. Emphasis is placed
on psychotherapeutic experience and understandings. The paper argues
that there is much of value in Lacan's work and that it is more
existentially rich than is often acknowledged .
Adolescents, their Parents, and Information and Communication Technologies:
Exploring Adolescents' Perceptions on How these Technologies
Present in Parent-Adolescent Relationships
The
differences between parents and adolescents in relation to information
and communication technologies (ICT) are well documented, yet little is
known about how adolescents experience these differences. The study
reported in this paper therefore aimed to elucidate adolescents' views
on these differences, and in the process to explore the possible impact
on parent-adolescent relationships. The participants comprised 23 Grade
10 learners, conveniently selected from three high schools in the Cape
Peninsula, South Africa. The learners participated in focus group
discussions and reported on the following: their experiences and
perceptions regarding their parents' level of techno-literacy; their
attitude towards, and use of, ICT in comparison with that of their
parents; and parental regulations imposed on their use of these
technologies. Thematic content analysis was applied to delineate themes
emerging from the texts. Although the study confirmed that differences
between parents and adolescents exist in relation to ICT, it calls into
question other research that too readily portrays this aspect as being
negatively experienced by the adolescent, and a threat to healthy
parent-adolescent relationships. It was also evident that it is not
possible to be conclusive about the impact that ICT may have on
parent-adolescent relationships, without information on how parents and
adolescents relate above and beyond these technologies. The importance
of ICT in adolescents' lives emphasises the need to unravel the impact
it may have on their well-being.
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VOLUME 5 EDITION 2, DECEMBER 2005
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Dr Manton Hirst
Anthropologist, Amathole Museum in King William's Town, South Africa
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Gabriel Rossouw
Psychologist, New Zealand
Associate Professor David Russell
University of Western Sydney, Australia
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Higher than Actuality: The Possibility of Phenomenology in Heidegger
Click here to view an abstract of this article
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Michael Marder
PhD student, Department of Philosophy
The New School for Social Research
New York, USA |
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Narcissism, Nationalism and Philosophy in Heidegger Click here to view an abstract of this article
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Dr Steven Segal University of Technology , Sydney, Australia |
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| Abstracts for Articles in this issue: |
Dreams and Medicines:
The Perspective of Xhosa Diviners and Novices in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Based
on anthropological fieldwork conducted in the Eastern Cape, the paper
explores the interconnections between dreams (amathongo, amaphupha) and
medicines (amayeza, imithi, amachiza) as aspects of the Xhosa diviner's
culture, knowledge and experience. Background information is provided
in the introduction, inter alia, on the Xhosa patrilineal clan
(isiduko), divination (imvumisa, evumiso) and religious and cultural
change. The ability to dream, inter alia, of the ancestors and
medicines, is central to the diviner's intuition and professional
stock-in-trade, which are part and parcel of a religious healing
tradition. Examples of dreams involving the ancestors (iminyanya),
diviners, clients and medicinal plants are presented and analysed in
relation to relevant case material. The ritual significance of dreams
is explored in some detail. The distinctions between diviner (igqirha
lokuvumisa) and herbalist (ixhwele), and between medicines and charms
(amakhubalo), receive attention in the section on medicines. The
underlying purpose of traditional Xhosa religious ideology is discussed
in the conclusion.
The Experience of Male Rape in Non-Institutionalised Settings
The aim of this article is to describe the phenomenon of male rape from
the victims' perspectives. The methodology employed relied on
transcendental phenomenology in order to create the rich descriptions
of the lived experiences of three male survivors of rape. From the
descriptions elicited from the formulation of an open-ended question,
it was discovered that the phenomenon of male rape has a dominant
structure that is related to the destruction and reconstruction of the
masculine self. The research also revealed several textural themes that
include the characteristics of the assault, treatment and support that
victims receive, the effects of the assault on the self, disclosure,
the learning and life changes brought about by the assault, the
victims' feelings towards their assailants and the effect of the
assault on the victims' relationships. This study hopes to facilitate
further descriptive research on the phenomenon of male rape in order
that greater knowledge be gleaned and applied regarding its prevention
and healing processes.
Give Sorrow Words: The Meaning of Parental Bereavement
A
fundamental tenet of hermeneutic phenomenology is that people seek to
create meaning of their experience from the response sited within human
consciousness. The focus of this study is on the world of the lived
experience as it is interpreted by participants through memory and
language as accessed by interviews in order to produce an understanding
of the participants' experience. Three participants were interviewed
whose adult children had died as a result of an AIDS-related illness.
The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and interwoven analyses
sought to illustrate the participants' lived experience of the
phenomenon. An attempt was made to understand how the various phenomena
relating to parental bereavement were reflected by participants in the
interviews. Common themes included reactions to the knowledge of the
illness, the experience of being with their dying child, coping with
the pain of the loss, and spiritual and existential concerns. There are
references to how others judge their grieving behaviour. Issues of
retribution and punishment are prominent and these appear to place a
particular burden of sorrow on the grieving parent. The study provided
insight into the lived experience of bereavement and the forging of new
meaning structures that can accommodate the loss.
Death Mirrors the Spirit of Life
The aim of this paper
is to further an understanding of how a soul comes to despair and how
the spirit of life is wounded. This question is approached from the
perspective of death - in the form of death defying acts and voluntary
death - as the dialectic aspect of being and non-being. Death can be a
reflection of the life lived and the experience of who I am. The
relation between ego and Self determines who I am. Two forms of misrelating between ego and Self will be considered. One causes a sense of omnipotence as the ego identifies with Self, and the other causes a sense of alienation as the ego renounces the Self to establish an intellectual vacuum, which becomes a substitute for lived experience. In both instances, there is a growing despair of inauthenticiy
and the experience of non-being, which voluntary death and death
defying acts attempt to put an end to. Both manifestations of death are
attempts to resolve the imbalance between the eternal and
temporal dimensions of being - to put an end to the despair of being
unconscious of Self - and to affirm being. It is only when there is a conscious dialectic between ego and Self that an authentic existence becomes possible. An authentic existence represents the ongoing commitment to incarnate the human reality that exists between the world of imagination and the world as it appears to our senses. This , I argue, amounts to a spirit with soul.
Friendship Otherwise: Toward a Levinasian Description of Personal Friendship
A
Levinasian reading of intimate and personal friendship - of friendship
"otherwise than political", as it were - suggests that intimate and
personal friendship cannot be subsumed under either completely ethical
or completely erotic terms. While friendship can be understood as a
certain "fraternity", and thus be legitimately employed in discussing
justice and politics, such a usage trades on a certain equivocation.
Hermeneutics seeks to make the alien familiar, and deconstruction seeks
to show that the familiar is always (already) alien. As this paper
seeks to describe, a Levinasian reading of personal friendship involves
both of these movements. In that Levinas, however, never explicitly
addresses this relationship, the paper proceeds by sketching the broad
contours of his thought before offering a phenomenology of personal
friendship in the wake of the limits Levinas thematizes in his analysis
of the ethical relation. The readings and analysis presented suggest
that personal friendship appears as an irreducible excess, reducible to
neither ethics nor enjoyment, while nevertheless passing through ethics
and enjoyment. Friendship marks a space of non-violent familiarity and
exteriority, a site of solidarity between identity and difference.
Higher than Actuality: The Possibility of Phenomenology in Heidegger
This
paper proceeds from a schematic analysis of Heidegger's notion of
'possibility' to consider the methodological significance of
Heidegger's conception of what is essential in phenomenology as
inhering not "in its actuality as a philosophical ‘movement'",
but in the understanding of phenomenology "as a possibility". In
conclusion, the paper points to the efficacy of possibility and its
mode of fulfillment as radically different from the actualization of
latent potentiality.
Narcissism, Nationalism and Philosophy in Heidegger
This
paper contrasts the notion of "willing" in Heidegger's politics with
the notion of "dawning" in Heidegger's philosophy. It argues that, in
the political text, the attunement of Dasein to what-is is centred in
the notion of Dasein's "willing" of what-is, while in the philosophical
text it is centred in the notion of what-is "dawning" on Dasein. It
maintains that the attitude to anxiety essential to a "dawning" of
what-is is not reached in Heidegger's "The Self-Assertion of the German
University ". It concludes by maintaining that, rather than being
attuned to what-is, the will in the "The Self-Assertion of the German
University" is attuned to its own relationship to what is in a
narcissistic rather than a philosophical way; that is, it
territorializes "dawning" as a relation to "what is", and makes
"dawning" of "what-is" its "own" in the same way as any nationalism
makes a culture, a language or a geographical region its own. In
contrast to the narcissism of nationalism, philosophy, as outlined by
Heidegger in the essay "What Is Metaphysics?", is the experience of
allowing what-is to "dawn" on Dasein rather than a preoccupation with
"willing" of "dawning" as one's own relation to Being.
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VOLUME 5 EDITION 1, APRIL 2005
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Gabriel Rossouw
Clinical Psychologist, New Zealand
Dr Brendon Stewart
University of Western Sydney, Australia
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Professor Steen Halling
Seattle University, USA |
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Tshepo Tlali
Fort Hare University, South Africa
Samantha Moldan
Counselling Psychologist, South Africa
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Husserl and Yogacara
Book Review: Buddhist Phenomenology: A Philosophical
Investigation of Yogacara Buddhism and the Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun (by Dan Lusthaus)
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Professor Plamen Gradinarov
Eurasia Academic Publishers, Bulgaria |
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| Abstracts for Articles in this issue: |
Unconscious Influences on Discourses About Consciousness:
Ideology, State-Specific Science and Unformulated Experience
Discussions
about consciousness are complicated by the fact that participants do
not share a common underlying "ordinary" consciousness. Everyday
experience is founded on what Teasdale calls implicational cognition,
much of which is not verbally formulated. An unacknowledged
aspect of debate is individuals' attempts to negotiate the expression
of their unformulated experience. This is further complicated by the
way in which a discourse, based on particular ontological assumptions,
exercises an ideological control which limits what underlying aspects
of experience can be formulated at all. Tart's concept of state
specific sciences provides a framework within which the role of
unformulated experience can be acknowledged and taken into account.
Unless this is done, debates will be vitiated by participants engaging
in ideological struggles and talking at cross-purposes.
Enlightenment and Individuation
It is important for psychology - as a discipline of thought about the
nature of psyche - and for psychotherapy, as its practice of
understanding, to draw a distinction between neurotic and authentic
suffering if it aims to assist a person to become an indivisible
being. A difficulty with mainstream psychology is the conviction
that psyche begins and ends in the realm of Reason as this conviction
tends to establish a reality of permanence, absolutes and substance,
and hence consequently, colludes with the 'ten thousand things' of
neurotic suffering. When reason sets the rules of reality, it is
argued, a deep sense of alienation and meaninglessness takes root.
A psychology stuck in this realm is unable to attend to authentic
human suffering, which is the reconciliation and synthesis of opposites
in human nature. In the dichotomy of subject and object, and
unconscious and conscious, a psychology of the reason unwittingly
identifies with and acts out that which it rejects as inferior.
It thus suffers from the very condition it sets out to
alleviate. The concepts of enlightenment and individuation on the
other hand draw a clear distinction between neurotic and authentic
suffering. They conceive of a reality in which subject and object
are one, so providing support to one suffering authentically so as to
remain true to oneself and thus to become an indivisible being.
The Palliation of Dying: A Heideggerian Analysis of the “Technologization” of Death
The
modern West has vigorously sought to overcome death, or at the very
least minimize the suffering that it entails. Whereas the former has
been predominantly pursued through modern scientific medicine, the
minimization of the adversity of death and dying has been sought
through ‘death technologies’. This technologization of
death is analyzed in light of Martin Heidegger’s phenomenological
philosophy. The analysis begins with an outline of the fundamental
tenets of Heidegger’s ‘philosophy of Being’. In turn,
his philosophical framework is utilized to highlight the manner in
which the technologization of dying serves to conceal the central
existential questions about being and finitude that dying gives rise
to. The paper concludes with a discussion of how Heidegger’s work
can inspire a more authentic stance toward dying. Leo Tolstoy’s
The Death of Ivan Ilych is referred to in order to illustrate
Heidegger’s construal of this existential struggle toward dying.
When Intimacy and Companionship are at the Core of the Phenomenological Research Process
Historically,
there has been an ambivalent attitude in psychology toward the place of
the “subjective” both in clinical practice and in research.
This has been true even for phenomenological research where there is a
desire to embrace the personal while there is also a concern that
findings be presented as if they are objective in the sense of having
an existence independent of the particular researcher’s
relationship to them. This article discusses a collaborative approach
to research that depends on the development of a relationship of
intimacy among the researchers and between the researchers and the
phenomenon under study. The dialogal phenomenological approach has a
twenty-year history and has been used to study phenomena such as social
activism, helping and healing, forgiveness, and hopelessness. Focusing
especially on two recent studies of hopelessness, the paper discusses
how, in the context of dialogue among researchers, presence and
intimacy, as well as truth and understanding become possible, and how
working collaboratively makes it easier to find words to speak to what
one encounters.
Educators’ Experience of Managing Sexually Abused Learners: Implications for Educational Support Structures
The
purpose of this study was to establish the personal impact that
managing sexually abused learners had on primary school educators
working in an East London (South Africa) community. In addition, the
researchers sought to establish what support these educators felt they
needed in order to help alleviate the personal impact that managing
sexually abused learners might have on them. A phenomenological
approach was employed to address the research questions. Using
availability-sampling methods, four educators from a local primary
school were interviewed and the data systematically analysed in
accordance with Morrisette's (1999) seven–step procedural model.
The present study confirmed the finding of Skinner (1999) and Mzamo
(2003) that managing cases of sexually abused learners had a profound
personal effect on the participants. What was most commonly felt was a
sense of frustration with the justice system, as well as a sense of
personal responsibility. In addition, the participants felt that they
needed support structures to assist them in managing sexual abuse cases
in the school. In particular, they felt that they needed a forum where
they could share their own experiences and feelings, as well as receive
guidance on how to deal with problems in their class. A need for more
support from professional psychologists was also expressed, as well as
a need for counselling skills training and general training in the area
of child sexual abuse. It is hoped that these findings will prove
useful in providing guidelines for the development of appropriate
support structures for educators managing cases of child sexual abuse
in South African schools. More research on the subject needs to be
conducted within South Africa, however, in order to ensure that the
support structures implemented address context-specific needs.
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VOLUME 4, EDITION 1, AUGUST 2004
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Rodrigo Becerra
Charles Gardiner Hospital, Western Australia |
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Chronic Pain and Returning to Learning:
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Three Women
Click here to view an abstract of this article
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Anita Sinner
British Colombia, Canada |
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Tessa Therkelston
RATO Natural Health Clinic, New Zealand; and
Dr Patricia Sherwood
Edith Cowan University, Australia |
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| Abstracts for Articles in this issue: |
Phenomenology in Education: A Case Study in Education Leadership
This paper was penned by one of the journal's editorial
panellists with the aim of stimulating debate around the issue of
using a phenomenological research paradigm in the study of education
leadership. This is especially important in view of the multiple
methodologies that are prevalent within the broad scope of the social
sciences and, equally important, the seemingly ever-changing
methodological scenarios that do not necessarily usher in any
paradigmatic changes.
Reader
response is encouraged in the hope that a special issue dealing with
Phenomenology in Education can be published in the short to medium
term.
From
“The Things Themselves” to a “Feeling of
Understanding”: Finding Different Voices in Phenomenological
Research This paper explores some of the ways in which
phenomenological approaches have been linked to contemporary social
science inquiry into human ways of knowing and learning in the fields
of education and nursing research. It then looks at four contemporary
approaches which draw on phenomenology namely: distinguishing imaginal
from rational/logical knowing as an alternative and complementary mode
of knowing; using ‘arts based’ or ‘expressive’
approaches to inquiry; developing hermeneutic text making to present
research findings and using heuristics in a cyclical approach to
understanding forms of human experience. The suggestion is that these
approaches could be enriched and deepened by a more explicit
exploration of phenomenological approaches and that conversely, some of
forms of phenomenological research might be enriched by the use of
these approaches.
“Atmosphere”,
a Precursor of “Cognitive Schemas”: Tracing Tacit
Phenomenological Influences on Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Whilst individuals deal with divergent sorts of stimuli from the
environment, they also tend to display some regularity in the way they
respond to related patterns. These consistent responses can be
conceptualised as cognitive schemas. A paramount component of Cognitive
Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the notion of cognitive schemas as they are
a favoured point of therapeutic intervention. CBT as articulated by
Beck in the 1960s owes intellectual acknowledgment to Merleau-Ponty and
Heidegger and their notions of “atmosphere” and
“clearing” respectively. This essay explores the notion of
cognitive schema and atmosphere as applied to emotional pathology. It
suggests that the well-known influence that phenomenology had on
existential psychology could be extended to empirical clinical
psychology, like CBT. The strategy adopted in this paper is to
use Dreyfus’ ontological and epistemological distinction in
psychopathology and then make a similar distinction, albeit using
different terminology, in the CBT tradition. Some empirical
findings from the literature are examined which render support to the
existence of cognitive schemas and their crucial contributory role in
the aetiology and maintenance of emotional disorders. It is noted that
some of the features of these cognitive schemas were espoused well
before Beck by Merleau-Ponty and the phenomenological-existential
tradition.
The Wound that Connects: A Consideration of “Narcissism” and the Creation of Soulful Space
This article develops an existential perspective on what has been
called ‘narcissism’. Using both the psychoanalytic
tradition and the literary myth of Narcissus as
‘touchstones’, it unfolds a view of existential dilemmas
and possibilities that are announced by this discourse. As such, it
seeks to clarify the existential task of embodying human vulnerability
– a journey that is potentially the source and depth of human
compassion. With the help of the perspectives of A. H. Almaas and
Eugene Gendlin, the phenomenon of ‘soulful space’ is named,
and pursued in both logical and evocative ways. 'Soulful space' is
articulated as an existential achievement and an alternative response
to the call of Narcissus: an embodiment of both vulnerability and
freedom; a freedom-wound that grounds interpersonal empathy and openness
Chronic Pain and Returning to Learning: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Three Women
An
in-depth analysis of the post-secondary learning experiences of three
women revealed that their decisions to participate in college and
university courses in Canada were interconnected with lived experiences
of chronic pain. A causal link between chronic pain and returning
to learning was an unexpected outcome of a study focusing on
women’s learning experiences in post-secondary
institutions. Each woman in this study learned to cope with and
adapt to her chronic pain, and over time, returned to learning to
undertake new areas of study to accommodate a redefinition of self
based on chronic pain. Eventually chronic pain became a conduit
to more positive experiences of learning and reflection. The role
and meaning of chronic pain in the learning equation represents a blind
spot in the existing educational literature and it is through such
in-depth, descriptive stories of participants that we learn how this
invisible barrier may influence the learning decisions of women.
Patients’ Experience of the External Therapeutic Application
of Ginger by Anthroposophically Trained Nurses
There has been considerable public debate on a range of complementary
health practices throughout the western world, perhaps especially in
Australia, United States and Europe. Most often, the research
critique of these practices is restricted to quantitative or non-user
qualitative research methodologies. Consequently, there is a
significant gap in the research profile of complementary health
services that needs to be addressed particularly in view of the rapid
and ongoing increase in the use of complementary services, even in the
face of sometimes adverse media publicity. This paper demonstrates the
contribution that phenomenologically-based research can make to fill
this lacuna by explicating, in detail, the client experience of a
complementary health practice. The paper explores patient
experience of a ginger compress, as applied by anthroposophically
trained nurses, to demonstrate various therapeutic effects. Four
key themes emerged including an increase in warmth and internal
activity in the major organs of the body, changes in thought-life and
sensory perception along with a greater sense of well-being and
self-focus with the perception of clearer personal boundaries. These
themes, emerging from a patient sample in New Zealand, compared
favourably to the Filderklinik Study completed in 1992 in a large
German state hospital.
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VOLUME 3, EDITION 1, NOVEMBER 2003
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Professor
C R Stones, Editor-in-Chief IPJP
Head, Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, South Africa |
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Dr
Zelda G Knight and Bruce C Bradfield
Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Professor
Rex van Vuuren
St Augustine College, South Africa |
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Guest Forum
Generational Phenomenology |
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VOLUME 2, EDITION 2, SEPTEMBER
2002
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Professor
Robert Schweitzer, Editor-in-Chief IPJP
Associate Professor and Head of Counselling Studies at the School of
Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland,
Australia. |
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John Hughson,
University of Wolverhampton
David
Englis, University of Aberdeen
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Dr
Stuart Devenish
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia |
VOLUME 1, EDITION 2, SEPTEMBER
2001
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Professor
Robert Schweitzer, Editor-in-Chief IPJP
Associate Professor and Head of Counselling Studies at the School of
Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland,
Australia. |
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Professor Dreyer
Kruger, Emeritus Professor,
Rhodes University, South Africa
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Dr Patricia Sherwood
Edith Cowan University, Western Australia |
VOLUME 1, EDITION 1, APRIL 2001
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Professor
Robert Schweitzer, Editor-in-Chief IPJP
Associate Professor and Head of Counselling Studies at the School of
Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland,
Australia. |
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Dr Lester Embree
Department of Philosophy, Florida Atlantic University, Florida, USA
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Carl Holroyd
Edith
Cowan University, Western Australia |
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| The 'Things
Themselves' in
Phenomenology |
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Book Review
Heidegger and Leibniz:
Reason and Faith (by Renato Cristin, 11998) |
Felicity Haynes |
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Book Review
Being, Seeking and Telling: Expressive
Approaches
to Qualitative Adult Education
research (2001) |
Sally Borbasi |
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